CHM Syllabus free essay sample

Just in these cases will the understudy be permitted to make up missed class work or missed tests Arriving ate to class: : Coming to class 5 minutes after the beginning of class time is viewed as late, and 3 most recent will consider 1 nonappearance. Coming to class 10 minutes late will be considered as a nonattendance. 1 Medical crisis means just obvious transferable ailments and unanticipated, past the understudies control, hospitalizing. It should be reported by the medical clinic (not a facility, substantially less a private practice specialist) and will be checked. The understudy must give verification to, God preclude, the passing of a close relative. In such a case, the understudy will be pardoned for three days. Mobile phone/Laptop/jump Policy All electronic gadgets are not permitted during tests (aside from number crunchers under the teacher authorization); most eminently, PDAs are not permitted even in off mode. A permanent score zero (O) will be appointed to any understudy got with a mobile phone and might be liable to advance disciplinary measures. We will compose a custom article test on CHM Syllabus or then again any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Understudies are not permitted to utilize their cell phones, Pads or PCs during normal classes.Any understudy found utilizing any of these gadgets will be told to leave the study hall and will be given a full nonappearance for that reticular talk. Scholastic Integrity Students are required to keep up scholarly trustworthiness consistently and to look for help from the educator when dubious. Understudies who take part in exercises which distort their scholastic work through counterfeiting, cheating and misrepresentation infractions of scholarly honesty will be dependent upon genuine disciplinary measures, extending from a zero evaluation in that appraisal to the excusal from the college altogether.All parts of the course are secured by these standards, including schoolwork, lab reports, course reports, tests, and tests. Results of Misconduct When order and wrongdoing issues become obvious, an understudy will at first get a verbal admonition as a suggestion to regard the educators auth ority during class time. In the event that this unfortunate behavior during class time happens not many more occasions, the understudy will be terminally excused from the specific course or from the college by and large. Late Homework Assignments, Lab reports, and Exams Late assignments including schoolwork and lab reports won't be acknowledged; they should be finished on the day they are expected to get credit. There is no amendment to compensate for missed schoolwork assignments, labs, tests, midterm or end of the year tests with the exception of under reasons esteemed adequate by your teacher (allude to participation strategy segment). The teacher is required to return immediately the evaluations of schoolwork assignments, lab reports, tests, and midterm tests and to go over them with legitimate input and solutions.Grades will be posted inside a limit of multi week after the day on which the appraisal was advertised. Lines of Communication If you have any worry or recommendation, it is basic to follow the accompanying strides in the request they are recorded: 1. To begin with, converse with your teacher to determine your Issue. 2. Second, if your issue has merit and was not settled by your teacher in a sensible time span, you may then contact the Chair of the Department. 3.Third, if your issue has legitimacy to be heightened further along the chain of command, you may then contact the Vice Dean for Academic Student Affairs. The Vice Dean will address your issue on schedule. 4. Inability to give due possibility and time to settling your issue with your teacher, your Department Head, and your Vice Dean, and going over their heads directly to the Dean or to the Provost, sick unquestionably welcome follower nary measures for not sticking to the institutional lines of correspondence laid out above.Notes: 1. In the event that your issue has no legitimacy, figure out how to take NO for an answer; don't expect a supernatural occurrence from the Department Chair nor from the Vice Dean. 2. Understudies are debilitated from pestering their educators to remove undeserved higher evaluations. Understudies who take part in this conduct will be naturally banished from thought when their teachers study marginal cases for conceivable slight evaluation improvement toward the finish of the semester.

10 Shakespeare Quotes on Tragedy

10 Shakespeare Quotes on Tragedy Shakespeares plays have contributed the absolute most well known expressions from the entirety of writing, and none are more significant than those from his disasters, probablyâ the best spot to discover cites on catastrophe. There is banter over which of his plays are catastrophes Troilus and Cressida here and there is incorporated, for instance however here is the best-recollected appalling statement from every one of the versifiers plays typically positioned in the tragedyâ category: Statements From Shakespeares Tragedies Romeo and JulietNo, tis not all that profound as a well, nor so wide as a congregation entryway; yet tis enough, twill serve. Ask for me tomorrow, and you will discover me a grave man. I am peppered, I warrant, for this world. A plague o both your houses!(Mercutio, Act 3, Scene 1)HamletTo be, or not to be-that is the question:Whether tis nobler in the psyche to sufferThe slings and bolts of incredible fortune,Or to take arms against an ocean of troublesAnd by contradicting end them.(Hamlet, Act 3, Scene 1)MacbethIs this a knife which I see before me,The handle toward my hand? Come, let me grasp thee!I have thee not, but then I see thee still.Art thou not, lethal vision, sensibleTo feeling as to locate? or on the other hand craftsmanship thou butA knife of the psyche, a bogus creationProceeding from the warmth abused brain?(Macbeth, Act 2, Scene 1)Julius CaesarO conspiracy,Shamst thou to show thy perilous forehead by night,When shades of malice are most free?(Brutus, Act 2, Scene 1)OthelloO, be careful, my master, of jealousy!It is the green-looked at beast, which doth mockThe meat it takes care of on.(Iago, Act 3, Scene 3) Lord LearNothing will happen to nothing.(King Lear, Act 1, Scene 1)Antony and CleopatraLet Rome in Tiber meltâ and the wide archOf the extended domain fall. Here is my space.Kingdoms are dirt; our dungy earth alikeFeeds mammoth as man. The nobleness of lifeIs to do in this manner; when such a shared pairAnd such a twain can dot.(Antony, Act 1, Scene 1)Titus AndronicusVengeance is in my heart, demise in my hand,Blood and vengeance are pounding in my head.(Aaron, Act 2, Scene 3)CoriolanusLike a dull on-screen character now,I have overlooked my part, and I am out,Even to a full disgrace.(Coriolanus, Act 5, Scene 3)Timon of AthensHere lies a pitiful cadaver, of pathetic soul bereft;Seek not my name. A plague expend you fiendish caitiffs left!Here lie I, Timon, who alive every living man did hate.Pass by and revile thy fill, yet pass, and remain not here thy gait.(Alcibiades, Act 5, Scene 4)

Changes in american family during world war 2 Research Proposal

Changes in american family during world war 2 - Research Proposal Example During this period, President Roosevelt of America pushed that for the best degree of devotion from the residents, the two people. While joining the military was a lifelong overwhelmed by men, World War 2 saw ladies participate in war to fortify the military and this turned into another adjustment in the family structure; a family where both a couple would be in war and youngsters would be left under the consideration of their grandparents or under a temporary parent. In light of the call of the president, numerous ladies were joined up with the military and they set out to participate in the universal war. The passage of ladies in the war was one of the reasons for family shakiness. Witwoski appears to allude to the monstrous murdering that was seen during the war that has been viewed as wellspring of family breakdown by numerous creators of history. In case of the war, a great number of armed force individuals lost their life and the outcome of this is numerous kids were stranded. Combined with the monstrous executing that was proof during this period, numerous guardians lost their lives and kids were left destitute and unattended. Resultantly, stranded youngsters became survivors of conditions and the greater part of them turned out to be a piece of the destitution stricken populace in America. Besides, one of the most noteworthy ramifications of the war was that most men did battle abandoning their spouses. For this situation, numerous ladies needed to step in and play the job of men in the family. This saw numerous ladies change from home overseers to providers of the family.... Also, one of the most noteworthy ramifications of the war was that most men did battle abandoning their spouses. For this situation, numerous ladies needed to step in and play the job of men in the family. This saw numerous ladies change from home guardians to providers of the family. All the more outstandingly, the vast majority of the men murdered in the war needed to leave their families in confusion. This implied the ladies abandoned needed to become single parents maybe for the remainder of their lifetime. In any case, others may have picked to get hitched once more, making the kids have numerous dads. While it was a transitory answer for family emergency, this is an issue that achieved an adjustment in the family structure, and America needed to acknowledge family structures that had not recently been seen in this state. Thirdly, this was a period wherein the most elevated request of prejudice was showed throughout the entire existence of America. The Black Americans and the Ja panese were among the races that were enormously influenced by the abrupt flood of bigotry in this time of war. On the West coast, Americans who had a Japanese drop were separate and as the strain of the war uplifted they were constrained into segregation camps. This was a delicate issue to the family structure at a period when intermarriage had infiltrated in America. American spouses who had hitched Japanese men were exposed to changeless widowhood and they turned into a helpless piece of the general public. Moreover, Black American encountered an elevated level of separation particularly in the activity showcase, and finding a new line of work was difficult in America. On the off chance that they could get any work, it would be physical work and the compensation would well beneath 64 pennies (Wheeler 19). Thusly, the Black American families proceeded to ridge in unforeseen weakness and taking care of propensities, with

Flowers for Algernon Essay free essay sample

This change Is from a medical procedure that he needed to make him very brilliant. He needed the medical procedure particularly to get more companions. He felt that If he was shrewd he would increase substantially more companions. This medical procedure was a fruitful for a while. It started to wear off a couple of months after he had It. Toward the finish of the book, Charlie knew things that he didnt know previously. He did mentally At the start and end of the book, he was two diverse people.Also, this closure appeared to be very sad and grievous. One way that Charlie has transformed from the earliest starting point as far as possible of the book his capacity to recall things expanded. Toward the start of the book his memory was not awesome by any stretch of the imagination. Toward the start of the book he stated, His name is Burt. I overlooked his last name since I dont recollect so great. We will compose a custom exposition test on Blossoms for Algernon Essay or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Toward the finish of the book, when the medical procedure had worn off, he could recollect things all the more without any problem. He realized he had accomplished something extraordinary for science, yet he Just couldnt recall precisely what he had done.But, he stated, Then out of nowhere I recollected a few things about the activity and me getting brilliant and I said sacred smokes I depend pulled a Charlie Gordon that time. He likewise recollected Algerian, and that Algerian had passed on. Not exclusively could Charlie recall better, yet he likewise had an expansion in information from the earliest starting point of the book. Another way that Charlie has transformed from the earliest starting point of the book as far as possible, is that he additionally had an expansion in knowledge. Charlie could think for himself better that he could before.He understood that the pastry shop was not the spot for him to be. He additionally understood that the Warren State Training School was a superior spot for him as opposed to the Warren Home school. Charlie could likewise feel feelings beyond what he could previously. These were all signs that his Intelligence had Increased. In the book, Charlie stated, I realize everyone feels frustrated about me at the pastry shop and I dont need the theater so Im going somewhere where they are a great deal of pull like me and no one cares that Charlie Gordon was at one time a class and now he cannot even reed a book or ceremony great. You can likewise tell that Charlie can feel feelings better since he stated, Thats false however. I despite everything love her I despite everything need to be brilliant yet I needed to state that so she wood leave. He can think for himself far superior to before the medical procedure. Despite the fact that al of these beneficial things have occurred, I accept that the completion was shocking. Charlie had some great, and possibly extraordinary, things transpire after the medical procedure had worn off, yet at the same time believe that the completion of this book is very tragic.I think this since he said that, L despite everything need to be brilliant Many individuals are as yet mean to him as well. HIS one genuine affection Is sorrowful at this point. He despite everything cherishes her as well, however he realizes It wont truly work. I dont believe that Charlie Is more joyful than before the medical procedure, since he recognizes what it resembled to be truly keen, and afterward he had it Hough Charlie will be upbeat, I dont think he is in an ideal situation there. These reasons are the reason I think Charlie is an alternate individual from the earliest starting point as far as possible of the book and that the completion is dismal. Charlie is distinctive in light of the fact that he can recall more things, and he is increasingly smart. This completion is terrible in light of the fact that Charlie despite everything needs to be keen, and he is placed in a spot where he isn't preferable rather over being at the Warren Home school. Generally speaking, this was a decent and energizing book. I got snared on this book from the get-go. I would suggest this book for somebody.

I am not sure about the subject that i used, but you have to put the Essay - 1

I don't know about the subject that I utilized, however you need to put the correct subject for my work - Essay Example Land considers, which manage the subtleties of the development and structure of the physical geology, remain as a reason for examining the attributes of spots chose for the logical perception to discover their wellness and potential dangers. The Arbuckle Mountains in the North American comprise one of the conspicuous land areas for the geologists to make trial considers dependent on its history and the development structure. This paper will make a far reaching preliminary for researching the land history of the Arbuckle Mountains based on the topographical details of this area in the Oklahoma condition of the United States of America. Like the nearness of a various culture among its populace, the United States additionally has the attributes of pleasing assortments of land designs inside its political limits. They incorporate various enormous and little waterways, woodlands, fields, levels, mountains and valleys other than the urbanized mechanical districts and the tremendous zones of land under the development of various consumable and business crops. For the most part, mountains get the speediest look of each traveler of an area as a result of the fascination they yield with their raised elevations. For the geologists, they give basic data about the idea of the geological structure and in this way assist them with making important appraisal of the potential difficulties and preferences before the fields and valleys related with the mountains. The Arbuckle Mountains are one the most seasoned mountains found in the United States, and consequently, it is essential to know the insights regarding the region’s topographical determinations by shaping a general thought regarding these mountains. The Arbuckle Mountains lie in the south-focal locale of the Oklahoma state in the United States of America (‘Have you contemplated Oklahoma’s Climate And Geography?’). As Oklahoma’s geology includes countless mountain runs, the state

Evolution of the Human Race - 550 Words

Evolution of the Human Race (Essay Sample) Content: Evolution of the Human RaceNameInstitutionDateEvolution of the Human RaceEvolution is the gradual development of something from a simple to a more complex form, and importantly involving a long process that takes a long period. Many theories have been put in place to explain the present nature and lifestyle of human beings, such as the Darwinian Theory. All these are attempts to explain the mysteriousness of the human life. For a fact, the human race is still evolving. Not only is the human race evolving in terms of body changes, but is also evolving in terms of lifestyle. This essay is an attempt to prove that the human race is still evolving, and to explain the evolution in process (Rushton, 1995).One main reason that shows that the human race is still evolving is the ever-reducing expectancy age. Even with the present lifestyle and the fact, there is massive exposure to various teratogenic substances; the ceiling age of human life has been reduced gradually over th e years. Speaking religiously, life expectancy during the biblical era was at more than 500 years. This has been reduced over the years. The ecology is changing constantly, accompanied by changes in the human genes and chromosomes (Wenseleers et al., 2010). Although some of the people argue that the people of the ancient era did not have improved arithmetic knowledge and ended up miscalculating their knowledge, it is clear that big arithmetic mistakes were unlikely.The human mind is another area of study that shows a clear evolution in the human race. The human mind is ever increasing in its volume. This is evident with the always-increasing intelligence of human beings. Recent times have seen human beings come up with hi-tech gadgets and material that make the world more connected and coordinated. Automobiles are built with more engine power and greater speed, technological devices with larger output and less input are used in the present society, communication methods that make t he world become a practical village; all these proving that the human intelligence and creativity increasing (Taylor, 2010). These technological developments are a clear indication of evolution since they better the life of human beings, and, therefore, making it more complex.Social evolution is also an important factor when talking about present human evolution. The behavior of human beings has been a subject to change over the years. Things initially dimmed as uncultured and immoral in the human society are slowly being embraced (Rushton, 1995). Issues such as same sex marriage, use of substances of abuse, some music types that were formerly immoral and picture motions that portray negative aspects of human beings have easy reception in the society. There is little restraint and restrictions among human beings on issues that were formerly unheard-of (Wenseleers et al., 2010). The Muslim community, one of the most conservative communities in the world, is also caught up in this soc ial evolution wind. With the frequent castigation from the global ...

Research proposal Essay - 10175 Words

Research proposal (Essay Sample) Content: HEALTH OUTCOMES AND MIX INEFFICIENCY: A CASE OF ITALIANS REGIONAL HEALTH CARE SYSTEMSName:Course:Professor Name:Date of Submission Table of Content TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc327264009"
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1. Introduction  PAGEREF _Toc327264010 \h
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2. Motivation and brief literature  PAGEREF _Toc327264011 \h
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3. Italian's health care system: provision of care and financing  PAGEREF _Toc327264012 \h
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4. Regional differences  PAGEREF _Toc327264013 \h
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4.1. Health outcomes differences  PAGEREF _Toc327264014 \h
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4.2. Health inputs differences  PAGEREF _Toc327264015 \h
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4.3. Some socio-economic and demographic differences  PAGEREF _Toc327264016 \h
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5. Data and variables  PAGEREF _Toc327264017 \h
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6. Methodology of analysis: analytical framework  PAGEREF _Toc327264018 \h
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6.1. DEA model  PAGEREF _Toc327264019 \h
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6.2. Censored panel analysis  PAGEREF _Toc327264020 \h
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6.3. Cluster analysis  PAGEREF _Toc327264021 \h
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7. Results  PAGEREF _Toc327264022 \h
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7.1. DEA slacked model results  PAGEREF _Toc327264023 \h
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7.2 Censored econometric results  PAGEREF _Toc327264024 \h
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8. Discussion  PAGEREF _Toc327264025 \h
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Discussion of regional differences  PAGEREF _Toc327264026 \h
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Discussion of DEA model results  PAGEREF _Toc327264027 \h
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Discussion of second stage analysis  PAGEREF _Toc327264028 \h
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9. Conclusion and such possible policy implications  PAGEREF _Toc327264029 \h
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References  PAGEREF _Toc327264030 \h
38 Health outcomes and mix inefficiency: a case of Italians Regional Health Care Systems(Preliminary version)AbstractThis paper critically analyzes the relative efficiency in the Italians regional collective health outcomes using HFA health data. The empirical literature on health economics often use OECD sample for efficient relative comparison of Health Systems, focusing on the Italians regional health care system level. Can it be that a health system or regional health care system is technical efficient but spending inefficient if the use of resources is expensive or vice versa (for example when the prices are very low and reducing, can use more resources than necessary relatively compared at the output level). So technically, efficiency is a very important dimension of health system performance, and measurement about nonparametric method is very useful when there is multi-objectives contest in addition to when it is difficult to individuate relation between output and input, such as the case of Regional Health Care Systems. DEA analysis reveals, that on average on the period analyzed, 66,2% level of efficiency with potential efficiency gains of 33,8% in ten years. Some fully efficient Regional Health Care System (RHCS) are Valle D'Aosta, Friuli V.G., Trentino A.A. and Liguria. Regional differences analysis show that on average life expectation at 0 years, for male and female is increasing, whereas general rate of mortality is decreasing with significant differences between regions, and physical resources have different path, not more different between regions. The possible influences of the demographics-socio-economic and lifestyle variables on the inefficiency, ana lyzed in econometric framework, reveals that for such variables the influence is of improved for some. For instance, the ratio of public health care spending on the entire health care spending and worsening for other variable such as day average cigarette, whereas for other variables is dubious the influences. It is important to use precaution interpreting results for policy indication.Keywords: health production, health care regional differences, health care system performance and efficiency, DEA, panel Tobit Health outcomes and mix inefficiency: a case of Italians Regional Health Care Systems1. IntroductionMeasurement of public sector performance, when they offer fundamental service such as health, transportation, instruction, justice among others, is an important issue in the economic debate, for researcher and for policy maker. The magnitude of public or private provision has a direct impact on the wellbeing and is vital for the economic development and growth. In this paper me asurement of performance issue is considered in terms of relative efficiency of regional health care systems in Italy, where is principally public financed. Question remains irrelevant even when state of countrys overall health, in terms of life expectancy and rate of mortality, are in significant improvement. But we must not overlook the impact of risk factor, individual and collective, as the quality of life, individual lifestyle and socio-economic factors on the health status, directly, and therefore the level of health resources available for obtain the health status of population. So this paper to try consider the influence of such factor on the inefficiency of regional health care systems, later relative efficiency is derived for each regional health care system. In this direction Retzlaff et al (2004) considers technical efficiency in the provision of aggregate health status of the population in OECD country, and use results for policy indication. The present work in the heal th care system level of Italy is ordered at three levels of government; they are the central, local level, and regional. The central level constitute of the Ministry of Health, which oversee the National Health Fund, abolished by Legislative Decree 56/2000 and to be replaced by various regional taxes. For this reason, the Central level is responsible for fixing minimum level of care (LEA) and also fixing the National Health Plans. At regional level, governments have the responsibility of pursuing and implementing the leading national objective developed by the National Health Plan and to guarantee a package of benefits (LEA) at the population trough local health units (ASL) and public and private credited hospitals. Regional planning activities of health care, organize supply in relation to population needs, monitoring the quality, appropriateness and efficiency of the services provided and are responsible for legislative and administrative functions. At local level they operate fo ur different categories of institutions: local health units (ASL), National Institutes for Scientific research (IRCCS), public hospital trusts and private accredited health care providers. Because of decentralization and devolution, the regional health care system has become the most important sub-level public sector for Region. So the Italian's Regions are not simply centers of spending of the central resources, indeed, Regions manage, organize and finance their own RHCS. In view of this fact that there is a contest then, how efficiently do different Region use their input resource to achieve their health outcome is a central question? By identifying the inputs it is probable to determine how technically efficient (TE) a Region is at health production. In this work is clear that the health production in a population is a multifactor and multifaceted issue. In fact, health aggregate population depends to socio-economic factors such as education, income, working conditions, lifestyle (for example, consumption of tobacco and alcohol, physical activity) and preference, psychological factors (stress, isolation etc), biological factors (adrenalin, and hypertension etc.) latest government policies (economic, welfare, health, housing and transport).This paper presents some advantage respect other work. First, a DEA model for slack measurement is used; to gain information about the single input reduced and not only input proportional reduction. Second, is that a health regional system level of analysis and not at level of health care system and thirdly, consider the influence of regional difference in terms of socio-economic variables on the regional health care efficiency, useful for possible policy indications.2. Literature ReviewThe health of the population is one of most vital services provided by Italian's Regions. The RHCS (Regional Health Care System/Sistemi Sanitari Regionali), in general sense, it is efficient in health production that constitute it, it also provide health using the best possible resources. The major question is whether RHCS could obtain results by spending less or with is spending level and obtain more, or could it be spending causes inefficient. According to OECD, the total spending on health in GDP percentage was in Italy 8.1% in 2000 and 9.5% in 2009, whereas public spending on health percentage total spending on health was 72.5% in 2000 and 77.3% in 2009. Professionally active physicians density per 1000 populations was 4.2 in 2000 and 2009; hospital beds density per 1000 population was 4.7 in 2000 and 3.8 in 2008. One unit or regional health system, although have high spending and are inefficient for this point of view, because of use of very expensive input (for example Anderson et al, (2003) find that USA spending differential are determined by high ...

Essay on John Rawls “Original Position” - 1137 Words

The general concept of Rawls â€Å"original position† is that all social â€Å"Primary Good† should be distributed equally to individuals in a society, unless an unequal distribution favors those less fortunate. Rawls call â€Å"the situation of ignorance about your own place in society the â€Å"original position (242).† Rawls’ theory is in direct response to John Lock’s principles on social contract which states that people in a free society need to set rules on how to live with one another in peace. Rawls’ principles were designed to guards against injustices, which was inflicted upon society, with the help of John Stuart Mills Utilitarianism principle that individuals should act so as to maximize the greatest good for the greatest number. Mills†¦show more content†¦In the priority rules, Rawls escapes the possibility of self-contradiction by acknowledging that there will be situations when his two principles will be at odds with each other. He then suggests the following priorities: 1) under the Priority of Liberty; the principles of justice are to be ranked in lexical order (244); a) a less extensive liberty must be shared by all and; b) a less than equal liberty must be acceptable to those with the lesser liberty; 2) the second principle of justice is lexically before the principle of efficiency and to that of maximizing the sum of advantages; and fair opportunity is before the difference principle. There are two cases: a) and inequality of opportunity must enhance the opportunity of those with the lesser opportunity; and b) an excessive rate of saving must on balance in order to lessen the burden of those bearing this hardship. On the subject of efficiency Rawls states: 1) no system can be called efficient if there is an alternative arrangement that improves the situation of some people with no worsening of the situation of any of the other people and; 2) the system of justice must be brought for th in order toShow MoreRelatedJohn Rawls s Theory Of Justice1471 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Rawls â€Å"A Theory of Justice.† John Rawls was an American political and moral philosopher. Rawls attempts to determine the principles of social justice. In this essay, I will elucidate John Rawls’ views on forming a social contract, the counter-arguments against Rawls’ theory and finally the state of debate on the counter-arguments. John Rawls set out on his discussion on justice and fairness in his book A Theory of Justice 1971. Rawls theory describes a society with free citizens holding equalRead MoreRawls Justice As Fairness1602 Words   |  7 PagesRawls’ Justice as Fairness: John Rawls was dissatisfied with the traditional philosophical approach to justifying social and political actions therefore he attempted to provide a reasonable theory of social justice through a contract theory approach. 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Individuals living in harmony for mutual benefit living in a state of society are set out by social contract. This paper will firstly show, the background of the philosophy of so cial justice. Then it will focus on John Rawls Theory of Justice. Secondly, It addresses the stages of the Theory of Justice, It then historical nature of social justice in conjunction with western philosophy. Lastly it will look at the diversity of philosophical and ethical thought. DuringRead MoreJohn Rawls : A Theory Of Justice Essay1339 Words   |  6 Pages John Rawls is a world renowned, American political philosopher of the twentieth century. His views on the state of nature, society, and politics were much more distinct from previous philosophers, and his more modern or progressive life experiences can contribute to the separation between him and others, such as Aristotle, Hobbes, or Rousseau. However, he does have certain ideas and point of views that correlate with the views of those that Immanuel Kant expresses, and more specifically Rawls wasRead MoreJohn Locke And Jean Jacques Rousseau Essay1583 Words   |  7 Pagesreligion, science, economics, goverments and laws. Dating back to 1588,Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) English philosopher, conditional defender of monarchy as the source of civic order (Explorations, 2014).Three philosophers in particular being Thomas Hobbes, John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau were the key thinkers within the philosophy of social justice, influencing the main idea of a social contract based on their theories, they suggest that the whole of society have been produced by a general social agreementRead More A Theory of Justice Presented by John Rawls Essays1556 Words   |  7 PagesIn A Theory of Justice John Rawls presents his argument for justice and inequality. Rawls theorizes that in the original position, a hypothetical state where people reason without bias, they would agree to live in a society based on two principles of justice (Rawls 1971, 4). These two principles of justice are named the first and second principles. The first is the equal rights and liberties principle. The second is a combination of the difference principle and the fair equality of opportunity principle

Analysis Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible - 2138 Words

Crucible Character Essay - John Proctor #6 In Arthur Miller’s â€Å"The Crucible† the protagonist is a man by the name of John Proctor. Proctor is a very complex character because he doesn t have the cleanest history. He is a man in about his forties who had committed the sin of cheating on his wife with a young girl. This act of his gives a bad first impression to the reader. Proctor however does try to become a better man and do the right thing to save his wife s life, which changes feelings about him as he is then seen as almost a savior. This controversial character faces many obstacles that go against him in trying to save his wife. Early on in the story Proctor is challenged with letting a young naive girl, by the name of†¦show more content†¦Proctor feels that the only way to prove his wife innocent is to reveal his personal relationship with Abigail, so he can reason that Abigail only accused his wife because she wants to be with him and have her out of the picture. This sets up the main feud with Procter being the protagonist and Abigail being his antagonist. John shows his attempt to make things right in his decisions. Instead of being seduced by Abigail again he has self control and tells her that it is over. This choice Proctor makes early on in the story demonstrates his desire to correct his mistakes. It is never more evident that Proctor is trying do good than when he confesses to lechery to save his wife. He tells the judge that he slept with underage Abigail and that is why she accused his wife, so she can get rid of her. Proctor’s decision to not say anything when asked to confess to witchcraft reveals how much he cares about his reputation. He would rather be hung than be known to everyone as a man who performed whichcraft. Proctor is pretty successful in changing his image. He positively changes himself. He goes from being a man who committed lechery, which is sleeping with someone underaged, to a heroic man who dies with honor because he didn t lie and confess to witchcraft to save himself from being hung. He is the most changed character in the story and is controversial because it is debatable whether he is truly a hero

The Oddly Dreamlike Quality of A Midsummer Night’s Dream

We started A Midsummer Night’s Dream with only a text. There was no one to interpret the words, no body movement or voice inflection to indicate meaning or intention. All meaning that a reader understands comes from the words alone. The simplicity of text provides a broad ground for imagination, in that every reader can come away from the text with a different conception of what went on. The words are merely the puzzle pieces individuals put together to bring coherence and logic to the play. Although we all read generally the same words, we can see that vastly different plays arise depending on who interprets them. By interpreting the word-clues that Shakespeare wrote into the script to†¦show more content†¦Perhaps something we expected to see on stage was omitted; perhaps! something unusual was added. We might even sample the same play dozens of times, all performed by different companies; it is common, it is even expected, that none of the twelve interpretations will be much the same. Unlike with reading, with viewing we are not allowed to sample the play in whatever manner we want. As the audience, our experiences are directed. We must resign ourselves to be the two-hour subject of anothers whims and methods. This kind of challenge is usually very enlightening, bringing new thoughts and perspectives where we would otherwise have only our own. These new thoughts and perspectives often materialize in the form of visual and auditory details, mostly because the script stays generally the same. Viewing an actual performance adds depth and detail to what was before only words. We are given scenery, costumes, voices, faces, body movements, and other forms of physical (rather than verbal) expression that contribute to a particular feel. These types of details are in reality just instances of the direct!ors influence, interpretations and preferences that cause us to challenge our initial ideas, and accept us a possibly richer taste of the play. Because I was involved in two scenes of A Midsummer Nights Dream,

Ku Klux Klan, Arkansas - 1830 Words

Ku Klux Klan - Harrison, Arkansas Over the years racism has been a problem with the United States, but more specifically, a group, referred to as the Ku Klux Klan. This group was formed by people across the United States, whom viewed themselves as the superior class of citizens. I am researching the Ku Klux Klan in Harrison, Aransas . I will discuss what the group is, how they made their second phase in Harrison, Arkansas, the Reconstruction, and their involvement in Harrison, Arkansas today. I hope the audience can better grasp the history of Arkansas and the racism that took place, using groups, such as the Ku Klux Klan. The group known as the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) was first founded in 1866. The KKK was organized by white supremacist to go against the Republicans Reconstruction-era policies. The members of the group formed in the southern states. They met secretly and formed a campaign to intimidate and use violent acts of discrimination towards both white and black Republican leaders. The Ku Klux Klan had laws pas sed against them, to stop there acts of injustice, which was considered terrorism. The Ku Klux Klan was a group that formed three times, and had different phases. The reformatted in the early 20th century, and came back stronger than the were before. They held rallies, burned homes and people, burnt crosses, and held marches against immigrants and other religions. Another phase was after the Civil Rights movement in the 1960’s the activity was very violentShow MoreRelatedSummary Of Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1545 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican society is the Ku Klux Klan. Their methodology advocates extremist views, such as white supremacy, anti-immigration, and anti-Semitism. The KKK has an agenda in support of racial segregation and anti-black sentiment. Calling for the purification of America, and considered to be a right-wing radical group, Klan members use violence and intimidation to suppress. Becoming a coalition at once, the antagonism radiating within one s heart finds congeniality. Members of the Klan ranged from â€Å"smallRead MoreThe End Of The Civil War1487 Words   |  6 Pagesofficials loyal to the Unionist cause if the war was to end. So, after encouraging Arkansas to ratify a new state constitution in 1864, Arkansas citizens elected Isaac Murphy as Governor in hopes that Arkansas would rejoin the Union. He proved successful. Arkansas rejoined the Union at the end of the war. Moving forward three years after war, Powell Clayton â€Å"became the one of the youngest governors in Arkansas history† at the age of 34. In his inaugural address, he explained to the citizensRead MoreThe Ku Klux Klan Is A Gang With A Notorious Past940 Words   |  4 PagesThe Ku Klux Klan is a gang with a notorious past. The clan started off as a group of people defying the southern state’s laws, but it turned out to be one of the most terrifying gangs of the nineteenth century. It all started during the election of Ulysses S. Gran t, when most of the democrats in the south created groups to terrify the African Americans. It was a violent gesture to any of the minorities who wanted to gain political attention. They banded together in Pulaski, Tennessee in 1865, consistingRead MoreThe Ku Klux Klan, also known as the Klan or the KKK, originated in Pulaski, Tennessee, in 1865.600 Words   |  3 PagesThe Ku Klux Klan, also known as the Klan or the KKK, originated in Pulaski, Tennessee, in 1865. The first KKK was formed by six Civil war veterans, with the purpose to restore power to the plantation owners. The people that the KKK was against was African Americans and republicans. The second KKK was founded in Atlanta, Georgia, in 1921. This KKK lasted much longer and had millions of members, partially due to their organization with finances and members. 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The KKK was depicted as an organization which was mostly active in the southern Confederate states and targeted African Americans. It originally died out in the late 1860s, but The Klan rose again in the 1920s becauseRead More Ku Klux Klan Essay1445 Words   |  6 Pages The Ku Klux Klan nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In the southern states of the USA, the period known as â€Å"Reconstruction† created a pressure and fear and hate for the African Americans among many of the southern white people. This was because the African Americans were now free people and had the same rights as the white people. This angered many white people and they created groups to support their beliefs and to allow people with the same ideas to gather together and share their ideas. This isRead MoreMomma’s Decision in I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings762 Words   |  3 PagesMaya Angelou describes her overall feelings on the topic of San Francisco and how it changed her life for the better. As a result of Momma choosing the correct path for Angelou and Bailey, they gained freedom, escaped a racist environment in Stamps, Arkansas, and were guaranteed a little bit more protection in San Francisco. As a result of the size of Stamps, and the people that inhabited the town, there was very little you could do without the whole town knowing. Throughout Maya Angelou’s and Bailey’sRead MoreNight Riding With the Klan: The Spread of the KKK568 Words   |  2 PagesThe Ku Klux Klan, also known as the Klan or the KKK, originated in Pulaski, Tennessee, in 1865. The first KKK was formed by six Civil war veterans, with the purpose to restore power to the plantation owners. The people that the KKK was against was African Americans and republicans. The second KKK was founded in Atlanta, Georgia, in 1921. This KKK lasted much longer and had millions of members, partially due to their organization with finances and members. The third KKK was founded as aRead MoreBallad Of Birmingham By Dudley Randall1549 Words   |  7 PagesIn the 1960s racial discrimination, segregation, and race-inspired violence was at its worst. Jim Crow laws kept white and African American people separate in public, the Ku Klux, Klan forced African Americans to fear for their lives every minute of every day, and absolutely nothing was happening to change these injustices. African Americans participated in thousands of nonviolent boycotts, freedom marches, and protests and nothing was ever changed until the morning of September 15, 1963. On that

Balance Sheet free essay sample

Five companies, which are in the default counter of KSE, were also included in the analysis (due to the availability of audited annual reports of the current year and consecutive previous years). Annual reports of thirty four companies (mostly on default counter of KSE) were not available at the time of the analysis therefore, to present a comparable and consolidated picture the last available data in respect of these companies have been repeated. The sum of Assets and Liabilities of a company may exhibit minor differences due to rounding off separate items. Ratios and percentages have been worked out after rounding off the figures in thousands, which may, therefore, slightly differ from ratios obtained from actual amount of balance sheet. The symbol ‘ – ‘ appearing in the analytical tables stand for Not applicable or Not available. The publication is based on the two sets of analysis: (a) Overall summary: This gives the consolidated financial analysis of companies listed at KSE. We will write a custom essay sample on Balance Sheet or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page (b) Company-wise analysis: This provides financial analysis of the individual companies. II. Methodology A. Capital Structure 1. Ordinary Share Capital This represents the total paid-up capital against issue of ordinary shares. These are amounts of capital actually paid by the shareholders to the institution for acquiring its shares. It includes shares paid in cash (subscribed/right issued), issued as bonus shares and shares issued for considerations other than cash (eg. for settlement of receivables/debts or debts redeemable into stock etc. ). 2. Reserves It is evaluated by aggregating all kinds of reserves except depreciation reserve and reserve for bad and doubtful debts plus the balance of profit and loss account and subtracting there from intangible or fictitious assets (e.g. , goodwill, preliminary expenses, exploration accounts, patents, trade mark) and adverse balance of profit and loss figures. The reserves entering into the calculation are: (i) General (ii) Capital (iii) Development (iv) Dividend equalization (v) Proposed issue of bonus shares (vi) Profit on re-issue of forfeited shares (vii) Premium on shares (viii) Capital profit arising from the sale of fixed assets (ix) Special reserves under relevant provision of Income Tax Act (x) Raw material price equalization (xi) Tax equalization (xii) Contingency (xiii) Leave passage (xiv) Workmen? s compensation fund  Gratuity, pension or provident fund (xvi) Investment depreciation but not including provision for actual shortfall of market value as compared with book value (xvii) Publicity (xviii) Employees? housing and welfare fund (xix) Charities (xx) Deferred liabilities (xxi) Taxation reserves including deferred taxation reserves, but not including provision for tax assessed or estimated on actual or part of profits. 3. Shareholders’ Equity This item purports to represent the total stake of the shareholders in the business and has been obtained by adding the ordinary share capital to the surplus. 4. Preference Shares As the name indicates these are ordinary shares of a company and pays a fixed dividend (whether the company is earning profit or making loss during operation), but its shareholders have no voting privilege. In case of liquidation of the company its status is normally considered prior to the status of ordinary shareholders. The difference between ordinary shares and preference shares is as follows: ii a) Ordinary shareholder will receive dividend, which varies according to the prosperity of the company but preference shareholder will receive a fixed amount dividend every year. Ordinary shareholder has a right of voting in the company? s annual general meeting while the preference shareholder has no voting right. c) Ordinary shareholders have to claim on the net assets of the company in case of liquidation, while the claim of the preference shareholders is paid earlier. 5. Debentures / TFC’s These are bonds/certificates issued by a company to raise funds for long-term period (generally more than one year) for a specific purpose, sometimes convertible into stock. At present, debentures have been replaced by TFC? Other Fixed Liabilities The liabilities, which are required to be discharge after a period of more than one year from the date of balance sheet, are termed as other fixed liabilities or loan capital. They may consist of the following items: (i) Loans from financial institutions. (ii) Loans from non bank financial institutions. (iii) Loans from specialized financial institutions (iv) Foreign loans (v) Vendors? account 7. Total Fixed Liabilities It is the sum of the preference shares, debentures and other fixed liabilities. Total Capital Employed It is the sum of shareholders? equity and total fixed liabilities. B. Liquidity 1. Current Assets An asset is to be a current asset, which can be readily convertible into cash or equivalent without any significant loss in value. The current assets comprise of liquid assets, inventories and other current assets. a) Liquid Assets Broadly speaking, liquid assets comprise of all assets like cash, bank balance, marketable security, etc. , which are easily realisable almost at book value. While there can not be two opinions regarding the status of cash, current accounts and government securities in this context, the treatment of savings and fixed deposits and of shares of joint stock companies not quoted on stock exchange leaves the analyst in doubt. The classification of borderline cases had therefore, to be made partly in keeping with the iii objective of the analysis and partly on one? s own subjective judgment. For this study, liquid assets that are also sometimes referred to as liquid capital have been bifurcated as cash and investments and comprise of the following items. Cash in transit (iii) Current deposits (iv) Saving deposits (v) Call deposits (vi) Fixed deposits (vii) Deposits held abroad (viii) Government and corporate securities (ix) Savings and Unit Trust Certificates (x) Debentures stock of local or foreign companies b) Inventories It comprises of stocks of raw material in hand, work in progress and finished goods at the closing date c) Other Current Assets The following items are taken as other current assets: (i) Book debts including bad and doubtful debts (ii) Stores (iii) Work in progress(current) (iv) Advances, prepayments, etc. 9. Current Liabilities All liabilities, which are required to be discharge within one year, are termed as current liabilities. Alternatively, these cover those obligations whose liquidation is expected to be made out of current assets. They are usually incurred in the normal course of business and are required to be paid at fairly definite dates. The current liability consists of the following items. (a) Sundry Creditors (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) Income tax payable For expenses For other finance Bills payable Advances from customers against orders (b) Payment become due but outstanding (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii) Income tax payable Proposed, unpaid and unclaimed dividends Estimated liabilities in respect of outstanding claims whether due or intimated Gratuities becoming payable Provident Fund becoming payable Current installment and interest payable on fixed liabilities Provision for taxation estimated on current profits Workers profit participation fund iv (c) Loans, Deposits and Advances (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) Loans secured by stock or other current assets Bank overdrafts and other unsecured loans Short term loans acquired against the security of fixed assets Unsecured loan from directors, parent company, and subordinate loan Due to managing agents In contra distinction to current assets, fixed assets consist of items, which are not readily convertible into cash during the course of normal operations of an enterprise. These items are not subject to periodical exchange through sales and purchases. Fixed assets are of permanent nature and are not normally liquidated or intended to be turns into cash except in the form of depreciation, which is added to the cost of goods sold. The following balance sheet items are included in the category of fixed assets: (a)Real Estate (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) Freehold and leasehold land Factory and office buildings Residential buildings Advertising, fixtures and fittings. 2. Fixed Assets After Deducting Accumulated Depreciation Deducting the accumulated depreciation from the fixed assets of the company gives this item. 3. Depreciation for the year It includes all the depreciation charges to the profit and loss account during the year. Owing to the absence of uniform accounting standards, depreciation is a subjective item and very from company to company. It is important for the analyst to know what effect such variation could have on the net profit. 4. Total Assets This item is sum of fixed assets at cost after deducting accumulated depreciation, and current assets. Operations 1. Gross Sales This item represents the sale proceeds of the company. Sales revenue is classified as local sales and export sales. 2. Gross Profit Subtracting cost of sales from sales revenue arrives at gross profit. 3. Overhead and Other Expenses These are total expenses that are incurred on the operational activities of a company except financial expenses and include: (i) Cost of sales (ii) Administrative and general expenses (iii) Selling and distribution expenses (iv) Other expenses 5. Operating Profit Subtracting overhead and other expenses from gross sales and adding thereto-non-operating income gives operating profit. The difference in value of total capital employed (i. e. , share capital, surplus, preference capital, debentures and other fixed liabilities) at the beginning of the year and the corresponding figures at the end of the year and shown as increase (+)/ decrease (-). 2. Retention in Business This item is obtained by deducting the provision for the tax and the total dividend distributed or proposed to be distributed from the net profit for the year. 3. Finance from outside the company The difference between the increase in the capital employed and the retention in the business is the finance from out side the company. It is possible for this item to be negative. Indeed in some circumstances it is also possible for the increase in the capital employed as well as the retention in business to be negative, for instance where dividends are distributed not out of the current earnings but out of the reserves. vii F. Cash Flow Data 1. Depreciation for the year plus Retention in Business The total funds that corporation generates internally for investment in the modernization and expansion of plant and equipment. 2. Depreciation for the year plus changes in Capital Employed Depreciation for the year is added in the difference of two successive years? Operating Financial Investment Ratios 1. Gearing Ratio This item shows the proportion that the fixed loan capital bears to the total capital employed. Where there is preference capital, there is an item of Gearing i. e. , the fixed loan capital plus the preference capital as the ratio of the total capital employed. The justification for taking the preference capital together with the fixed liabilities is that, from the ordinary shareholders? point of view, both items represent a fixed charge on the profits. Total capital employed is shareholders equity plus total fixed liabilities. Gearing becomes inapplicable when the shareholders? equity becomes zero or negative. 2. Current Ratio This item tells a lender about the liquidity of the assets and as a result its ability to pay the short term debts. 3. Acid Tests or Quick Ratio The acid test or quick ratio is used to determine how quickly a company would be able to pay off its current liabilities if it needs to convert its â€Å"quick† assets into cash. 4. Debt Equity Ratio In debt equity ratio, the total debt is compared with the shareholder’s equity; the lower the ratio the better the company’s solvency, the higher ratio is a risk to a present or future creditor. This ratio is considered a measure of how effectively assets are used to generate a return. 6. Self -Financing Ratio The ratio expresses the amounts retained in business as percentage of increase/ decrease in the capital employed. viii 7. Cash Flow Ratio This ratio has a purpose somewhat similar to the self-financing ratio. The only difference being that it takes into account the amount of depreciation. 8. Shareholders’ Equity as % of Ordinary Share Capital It is the shareholder’s equity to the ordinary share capital, which means the stake of ordinary shareholders in the total equity of the company. 9. Overhead and Other Expenses as % of Gross Sales It shows the ratio of overhead and other expenses to the gross sales. This is an important ratio, which indicates the contribution of operating expenses in the operating revenue through sales of the company. Lowering the percentage, the company is more viable and efficient. 10. Financial Expenses as % of Operating Profit This shows the ratio of financial expenses to operating profit. It identifies how much weight the company will bear from its operating profit before reaching to the net profit before tax. Smaller ratio is a good for a company. 10. Financial Expenses as % of Gross Sales It shows the ratio of financial expenses to gross sales. Lowering the ratio indicates the financial discipline of the company and the increasing ratio indicates that the company is facing financial expense burden out of its gross sales revenue 11. Financial Expenses as % of Contractual Liabilities It shows cost incurred (interest/mark up paid) on contractual liabilities. 13. Tax Provision as % of Net Pre-tax Profit It shows the portion of net profit set aside for tax provisions. 14. Sundry Debtors as % of Gross Sales It is the ratio of outstanding credit (all sales receivables) to the total sale proceeds of the company. Higher the percentage, the company is increasing its debtors and credit risk and reducing its liquidity position. 15. Net Profit as % of Shareholders’ Equity It is worked out by dividing the net profit before tax by the shareholder’s equity, expressing the result in percentage. ix H. Key Performance Indicators 1. Dividend Cover Ratio The ratio of net profit after tax to total amount of dividend. 2. Dividend Ratio to Equity This item has been worked out by dividing the total amount of dividend by the shareholder’s equity, expressing the result in percentage. 3. Net Profit Margin. This ratio shows how much profit comes from every rupee of sales. 4. Earning per Share It has been arrived by dividing the net profit (before/after tax) by the number of ordinary shares. 5. Average annual % Depreciation on Written Down Fixed Assets This item is simple depreciation rate and is intended to give some idea of the company? s practice with regard to depreciation. Since there are so many items in the fixed assets schedule, it is not practicable to calculate depreciation rate for all the items individually. Therefore, an aggregate depreciation rate for all the item taken together has been worked out. The method is to take total depreciation provided during the financial year and dividing it by the written down value of the total fixed assets at the beginning of the financial year. The result is expressed in percentage. 6. Sales as % of Total Assets This item indicates how efficiently the business of a company generates sales on each rupee of assets. 7. Sales Growth (Current Year’s Sales Last Year’s Sales) Sales growth is the percentage increase or decrease in sales between two time periods. 8. Break-up Value of Ordinary Shares It is obtained by dividing the sum of ordinary share capital and the surplus by the number of ordinary shares.

Existing Barriers In Organisational Learning Commonwealth Bank Austra

Question: Discuss about theExisting Barriers In Organisational Learningfor Commonwealth Bank Australia. Answer: Introduction The Commonwealth of Australia is one of the multinational banks, operating its business in different countries of the world (About Commbank 2017). It offers various financial services like business and institutional banking, retail, insurance, funds management, broking and investment services (About Commbank 2017). Commonwealth Bank of Australia believes that by fostering organizational learning culture within an organization can support in primary value propositions (About Commbank 2017). It even helps in addressing the competencies and skill gaps and even offer development inputs to an individual. Most often, organization comes across barriers in the learning process, which later on impact the performance of the company (Aragon-Correa, Garcia-Morales and Cordeon-Pozo 2007). It is important that leaders are required to create the contextual support for the purpose of increasing the barriers, which will, later on, facilitate the learning needed for innovation (Aragon-Correa, Garcia-Morales and Cordeon-Pozo 2007). Commonwealth Bank of Australia had come up with many barriers that hinder the process of organizational learning. One of the key barriers relates with biases in action. The cycle of bias for action includes different problems like a requirement for work, lack of reflective observation, lack of concept understanding, immediate action on task, time wasted on inconclusive deliberations, fear to get failed, lack of decision making, and no certainty of getting results (Aragon-Correa, Garcia-Morales and Cordeon-Pozo 2007). Commonwealth Bank of Australia had also come across one more barrier in organizational learning, and thats resistance to change. The bank had failed in past to take change initiative, in spite of the involvement of stakeholders. It is true that, for bringing substantial technological change in the company, the leadership transition or either the shift in the day to day process, that create average work day, initial resistance should be taken and company should adapt it, and it's where the management can effectively communicate with the team for enhancing the understanding about need to bring change (Aragon-Correa, Garcia-Morales and Cordeon-Pozo 2007). Change should also be worn for increasing the motivation to succeed, and feedback is valued and help in the decision-making process. It is important that managers should take a responsibility and emphasize and make the team understand that the change is adopted for the benefit of both team and company (Berson, Nemanich, Waldman, Galvin and Keller 2006). Commonwealth Bank of Australia is also facing the barrier of biases in culture, which hinder the development of organizational learning within an organization. Cultural diversity exists in Australia, and people often come with different knowledge and create influence on others (Berson, Nemanich, Waldman, Galvin and Keller 2006). Usually, organizational learning debates are avoided in the bank, but for the purpose of mitigating the issues, it is important that discussions should be initiated (Berson, Nemanich, Waldman, Galvin and Keller 2006). Through debates, individuals thoughts can be placed in front of others and can even support in bringing the outcome (Berson, Nemanich, Waldman, Galvin and Keller 2006). Even managers are expected to discuss the issues in the team, as it can help in taking a decision or deriving an outcome. References About Commbank. 2017. [Online]. Available at: https://www.commbank.com.au/about-us.html?ei=CB-footer_about-commbank [Accessed on: 31st January 2017]. Aragon-Correa, J. A., Garcia-Morales, V. J. and Cordeon-Pozo, E. 2007. Leadership and organizational learning's role on innovation and performance: Lesson from Spain. Industrial Marketing Management, 36, pp. 349-359. Berson, Y., Nemanich, L. A., Waldman, D. A., Galvin, B. M. and Keller, R. T. 2006. Leadership and organizational learning: A multiple levels perspective. The Leadership Quarterly, 17, 577-594.

Jane Eyre Is A Feminist Novel Essay Example

Jane Eyre Is A Feminist Novel Paper In the early nineteenth century, which was when Bronte wrote the book, men were considered to be superior to women and therefore played a much more dominant role in society whereas women were secondary and thought to be merely appendages to men. The heroine of the novel Jane Eyre contradicts the role women played as she is brave enough to say â€Å"no† to the social conventions and instead play the role that she wants to play instead of the role she â€Å"should† portray. As the author of this classic, Charlotte Bronte is thought to be a pioneer of the feminist movement. This essay is to explore the aspects of feminism and the oppression of men within the novel to explain why the book is considered to be a feminist novel. Jane was oppressed by four different men during the novel although in different ways. The first of these was her cousin John Reed, who tormented and bullied young Jane because she was an orphan. She did nothing to ignite his rage and was unable to do anything but withstand it. â€Å"Accustomed to John Reed’s abuse, I never had an idea of replying to it: my care was how to endure the blow which would certainly follow the insult†, this quotation shows how Jane never once thought to retaliate to his words or actions, reflecting the fact that it was a woman’s place to do as she was told and not as she wanted. It was only after John’s harsh reminders of her past that it was as if she could withstand no more, â€Å"Wicked and cruel boy! We will write a custom essay sample on Jane Eyre Is A Feminist Novel specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Jane Eyre Is A Feminist Novel specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Jane Eyre Is A Feminist Novel specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer †Cried she, symbolising her determination to fight against this unfair world. This is the first representation of feminism in the book. However, despite the reasons for Jane’s actions, she is later reprimanded and punished for it, is this the consequence of her standing up to a male figure or is it a reflection of their individual social class? Later Jane experiences oppression at the hands of Mr Brocklehurst, the treasurer and manager of Lowood School, of which Jane attends. Mr Brocklehurst represents those who obtained a very strong belief in the women-inferiority theory, which he expresses when he says, â€Å"My plan in bringing up these girls is†¦to render them hardy, patient, self-denying† and also through his actions of allowing the girls no luxuries, be it in food, or clothing, etc. It appeared to be his opinion that women should live a simple life perhaps in order to depend on men. He insults Jane in the novel and says she is evil and should be shunned by her peers despite the lack of proof for his statement he is not overruled or ignored because of his superiority because he appears as quite a threatening character or simply because he is a man. The main male protagonist in the novel, Edward Rochester, although undeniably in love with Jane seemed to try and control her slightly, for example he seems to want to change Jane through buying her several dresses, etc. Which are overly extravagant compared to her own plain and standard wardrobe. In trying to change her appearance it is as if he is trying to also change Jane as a person and perhaps by receiving the clothes she would have been accepting his dominance over her and so by refusing his offer she is showing herself as a strong individual who seeks equality. Her final oppressor, St. John had quite strong opinions of the purpose of women and thought that a woman’s worth was only recognised only when she devoted her life to a man. He thought that it was an honour for Jane, if she married him and helped him with his work in India. He assumed that Jane would undoubtedly agree to his proposal because it was what a ‘good woman’ should do, however Jane declined because she wanted a marriage based on love not convenience. The character of Miss Blanche Ingram is portrayed as a sharp contrast to that of Jane because she represents how a typical woman of this time period would act. All she wanted was to find a wealthy husband to serve and to bare his children. She believed – as did most – that marriage should be established within social ranks and money and that husbands and children were a woman`s whole world. Women had no control in their lives or even over their bodies; they had no idea of their value they were just a possession belonging to a man. Whilst some women were quite content just to follow this regime, some like Jane were unhappy with the obvious dominance of men and henceforth the obvious lack of equality between the two genders and so I believe that the characteristics and beliefs of Jane are what most strongly equate to this being a feminist novel. To conclude I believe that there are several reasons and points within the book that successfully suggests that Jane Eyre is a feminist novel, but I think most prominent and perhaps obvious is the overall character of Jane and how she breaks out of the mould of the typical woman with her independent and intelligent actions. When reading the novel, women of that time would perhaps look to Jane as a heroine and feel inspired that there is may be more to a woman than merely a wife and a mother, but a strong, independent individual.

Sample Essay Answer For Obscenity First Amendment Speech

Sample Essay Answer For Obscenity First Amendment SpeechAn anonymous or pseudonymous essay must contain in order to receive a passing grade. It has to have the correct balance of word choices, sentences, paragraphs, and ideas, and should be well constructed in a manner that is pleasing to the reader. If it doesn't meet all these qualities, it's no good at all.Well, in order to pass an essay with spelling errors and grammatical errors, one must choose the right kind of writing from the very beginning. Even a supposedly 'professional'proficient' writer can sometimes produce sloppy work when it comes to grammar and punctuation.The most important component of this essay is the thought that is involved in producing it. Does it reveal a person who possesses a genuine interest in the topic? Does it reveal a person who possesses some ability in the subject?Once a person knows these two things, that is an indication that his or her essay will be a good essay. Is it something that the other st udents in the class would like to copy? Yes, if that person has enough self-respect, if he or she feels that his or her ideas are in good hands, and if he or she is confident that it will meet the success standards set by the test.The second component of the essay, as you might expect, is the way that the writer attempts to connect his or her ideas with the material being presented. Does the essay make sense? Does it make sense to someone else who knows the subject matter? Can it be described as concisely as possible?A very useful essay, however, is one that satisfies the first and second requirements. One should keep in mind that a student's best friend at the moment is the person who reads his or her essays. Even if one had a little difficulty composing the essay, it can still be read out loud. That gives a real feeling of accomplishment to the writer.Essays that fail in this regard come from the mouths of those who are incapable of producing them. In any case, make sure that you write your essay with the appropriate degree of care. Pass it. You never know, the next one may be the best of the lot.

Modern Bridge Building essays

Modern Bridge Building essays Modern technology is advancing faster than we care to think. Our engineering marvels of the past are quickly becoming obsolete. Many bridges are built using classic designs which can be greatly improved with new technology. Modern technology allows bridges to be built from state of the art materials with superior strength and versatility (Wilson I). The arch is one of the older forms of bridge used in many Roman structures. It is like an inverted suspension bridge, with all the tensions replaced by compressions, and vice versa. The other great difference is in the stability of the system. You can drive heavy weight across an arch and cause it to flex, and it will always return to its original position, after movement. The girder bridge is made up of two or more large beams that can stretch across the length of the obstacle that it is built to overcome. Many cantilevers that pivot as the load on the bridge shifts are used to even out the stress on the entire structure. This is the most basic and most widely used design (Krinsiuns III). The box girder is a bridge that most engineers try to avoid because of the stress that is put on the beams during construction, which has lead to many collapses(Wilson I). It is made up of many trusses and boxed or round beams. The cable stayed bridge uses the support of many high tension cables that are attached to two large pillars. The bridge is very well balanced due to the many separate cables, which support themselves under high stress (Krinsiuns III). The suspension bridge is the most popular and well known bridge design used today. The most highly stressed parts of a suspension bridge are in tension not in compression. A cable, though flexible, is very stable against pressure, and only needs to be thick enough to withstand the tension, with a safety factor. A strut is unstable, and needs to be thick enough to prevent buckling. So an arch can never be as light as a suspension ...

Principles of Business Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Principles of Business - Research Paper Example The company also encourages its employees to volunteer in community outreach activities. The foundation supports Grace Foundation, World Vision and Asia Society in China, Taiwan and Hong Kong respectively. Hong Kong Council of Social Service awarded JP Morgan Chase foundation â€Å"The Caring Company†. Apart from external undertakings, CSR is also concerned with improving organizational management, mitigating overall risks facing the organization and stress proper use of company’s resources. Therefore, it is an activity meant to support company’s positioning to enable it take advantages of both foreseen and unforeseen opportunities. Connection between CSR program and its importance to bank According to Werther and Chandler (2010), CSR is an activity performed by banks and other companies to the community and environment to impact positively to the society and increase their overall competiveness. It integrates legal, ethical, economic and discretionary actions th at affects overall economic performance of the company. CSR seeks to provide the bank with sustainable competitive edge as it improves the reputation of the bank in the eyes of the governments and societies. Financial contracts and agreements executed by banks are characterized by uncertainty and asymmetrical information that makes good reputation and trust condition for conducting business. Therefore, CSR improves banks reputation and increases the level of trust. How does the CSR program apply to today’s trends and current issues in the global marketplace? Customers are increasingly getting versed with the need for investment in societies. Therefore, such customers are less likely to be customers of companies that exploit employees or that pollute the environment or those that are corrupt or carrying out illegal activities. Therefore, it is important for companies to maintain good relationship with the community in which it operates. Whom is the company responsible to? The company is responsible to the society in which it operates. Therefore, it must ensure that it operates business that improves lives of the people. Why a company implements a CSR program First, CSR protects shareholders and improve relationships with banking and investors. Shareholders understand that their investments gain better values not only through profit maximizing behavior but also operating in a responsible manner. CSR encourages companies to appoint board of directors who will deliver exemplary returns according to expectations of shareholders as well as protect company’s wealth and investments. With CSR programs, activities will contribute to bank’s strategic plan and shareholders will be assured of increased wealth emanating from steady dividends. CSR program demonstrates improved organizational management as well as improved processes in the bank. It also acts as channel of communication and reinforces relationships between shareholders and bankers as well as bankers and the community at large. Companies that have good reputation have undisputed advantage in convincing investors and other company stakeholders to support the company achieve its objective. Most investors prefer companies with strong CSR programs. Secondly, CSR improves stakeholder perceptions. Company’s stakeholders are many and varied. It is necessary to portray a good name for the company so that stakeholders of the company could be respected, trusted and liked. When stakeholder

The Nexus between agency theory and corporate governance Essay

The Nexus between agency theory and corporate governance - Essay Example This essay tries to explain the agency theory and corporate governance in the present day environment. Economists recently are more diverted to the phenomenon of organisation. The recently formulated organisation theory agency theory is different from the ones which existed in the past. Fama (1980) focused at the possible managerial labour market to restrain and guide individual decision-making expedience. In essence all these various statements are construed based on a few simple assumptions. These assumptions according to Donaldson (1990) are construed as a 'theory of interest, motivation and compliance'."Specifically, agency theory is directed at the ubiquitous relationship, in which one party (the principal) delegates work to another (the agent), who performs that work. Agency theory attempts to describe this relationship using the metaphor of a contract" (Eisenhardt, 1989: p58).The neoclassical school analyses the individual who tries to maximise or in the least to satisfy their utility between work and time off. This combination of assumed independence and selfish enthusiasm that is problematic within the relationship of agent and principal. In terms of corporate governance the shareholder is the principal. The problem arises due to the separation of ownership and control.According to Jill Solomon (2007) the failure to corporate governance and corporate crumple can take place in the firmest company. It is possible to seduce the Investors, creditors and employees through a company's repute and achievement. This can even throw caution to the wind. If the agents of economic accountability were intellectuals, as it is a must based on the economic and finance theory, this form of sightlessness could never occur. But the problem is that it does happen, investors behave rationally not always, and the factors of human behaviour and psychology are tricky to fit in a finance framework or an economic hypothesis. Cases of irrational behaviour in the UK during the 198 0s were that of Polly Peck and Coloroll. This was a case when the capitalist found very important information relating to contingent liabilities were missing from the accounts of these companies (Smith et all, 1992). Differences between managers and shareowners Agency theory brings up a basic problem in organizations and that is self-interested conduct. The managers of a corporation normally have their own goals which often cross roads with the proprietor's goal of maximising shareholder wealth. As it is the shareholders who give power to the managers to manage the firm's wealth, a prospective difference of opinion arises between the two groups. Agency Cost How does the agent that is the company directors serve the principal that is the shareholders is the question. The solution lies in accepting certain agency costs. These costs involve either in producing incentives or approve which adjust executive egoism with the concerns of shareholders. Or else they may be involved in supervising executive behaviour in order to restrain their self-interest. This led to the development of the number of non-executives on the company boards. Also it resulted in augmented arrangement of their function and considerations of freedom, leading to reforms all over the world. The separation of the part played by the chief executive and that played by the non-executive has been made a part of this reform. The establishment of audit, compensation, and recommendations committees is actually independent non-executives appointed to assure the proper use of the incentives and also to check the performance of the executives. These internal controls

Prostitution Is a Problem Caused by Men Essay Example for Free

Prostitution Is a Problem Caused by Men Essay Prostitution is a problem caused by men. There arent any prostitutes for women. Its men who create the problem and men who make the laws. We have to admit that this is the reality. Although threr is a Gender equality law which was passed a long time ago (since the 1920s), women still have to suffer unequal treatment in many fields especially in creating the laws and prostitution is one of the most contraversial problems. We all know human beings have a desire for sex, except for sick or impotent people and cloisterers as well as monks. That is a normal physical demand. Sex is also the manifestation of love but in this case, we are just discussing a basic instinct. Men always have a stronger need for sex than women. That does not mean women do not, it is because of their shyness and social morality that keep them from expressing their desires. And men also keep the right to make the laws so that is the reason why prostitutes are for men only. I totally disagree with legalizing prostitution. It draws a guilt free road for men, especially married men. Some men vindicate that prostitutes help them clear out the stress that they get from work and meet their demands completely when their wives can not. But in fact, everything they do is worse. If prostitutes are just for fulfilling sexual needs, it is okay, but in many cases, men are addicted to prostitutes and spend most of their time relaxing with them. They do not care about what their wives think, give lots of money they earn to call-girls and treat their wives and children badly especially when their wives or children discover the bad things they do. And the two most dangerous consequences of prostitution are that men can bring sexually transmitted infections to their wives and many families might or have to cope with the breakdown when the wives can not stand their husbands’ behaviour any more. The other negative side of prostitution is the unequal field. There are just red light districts for men but not for women. Women and men have the same biological needs, so why do they not have their own playplace? Because of morality or the number of women in Congress and also the number of women holding a leadership position in a country is smaller than men? It is common even in the most developed nation The United States of America. In our history, only two queens have been able to control men and really spread equality all over their nations, they are Cleopatra of Egypt and Wu Zetian of China. I extremely admire them. If there were a person like them existing in this world, humanity’s history could change in another way and I am really sure it would be magical.

LAN networking :: essays research papers

If you want to add additional computers to your network in the future, all you need are more Network Interface Cards and 10BaseT cables. Simply plug the new network cards(s) into your computer an run a cable form the card to one of the hub’s open ports. For even greater expandability, the hub can be joined, or uplinked, to other hubs. If you look closely at the front of the hub, you will see a port marked Uplink. To uplink a hub, simply insert a standard, straight-through 10BaseT cable between the Workgroup Hub’s Uplink port and any of another hub’s regular 10BaseT ports. A maximum of three hubs can be connected together. For example, like most hubs, a 5-Port Hub’s port number 5 and Uplink port are joined internally. This means that when port 5 is in use, the uplink port cannot be used, and vice-versa. If you plan on using the uplink port, you’ll need to disconnect any cables that are connected to port 5. Setting up your network card’s software involves installing a network driver onto your computer. The driver will allow the card to communicate with your Network Operating System (NOS). Software package. Some of these NOS include Windows for Workgroups, Windows 95/98, Windows NT, and Novell. All the network cards that you buy should come with a 3.5† software disk where it includes drivers for different NOS. They should also have instructions on how to install them, but this hand out will help you understand and teach you how to install drivers. After installing your network card hardware in your computer, follow the instructions below to install the card’s software. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Install the network card hardware if you haven’t already 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Start up your computer and Windows 95/98. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Windows 95/98 will automatically detect the presence of your network card hardware in your computer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   If Windows 95/98 goes immediately to the windows desktop, and does not display a new hardware detected message. Go to my computer > control panel > system > device manager tab > select the network adapter and remove it from the list > restart computer and you should get a windows asking for drivers. Important: When you reboot Windows 95/98 may ask you for the Operating System CD ROM. Please provide them as necessary. 4. Windows 95/98 will detect your network card and display a †New Hardware Found† window as shown bellow 5. Put your 3.5† in drive A with the network card drivers that came with the it.

Metaphors

The metaphor is a widely used figure of speech both in literature and in everyday world. People use metaphors when talking about self, career, life history, feelings and beliefs. Some of the metaphors have gain the value of aphorism due to their large usage and cultural pervasiveness. People often compare their life to a journey or to a step-by-step process that may be represented by a ladder; you may climb or you may fall, and then re-engage in the process of climbing, striving to reach the top. Many people use the ladder metaphor when they talk about their careers. Such metaphor is rather spatial, but may also be assimilated to a journey. This metaphor I was also taught and in my opinion it is widely spread in many cultures. When referring to the ladder as a metaphor of life or career the meaning of progress, of taking small steps and of being aware of the risk of falling are involved. However, it conveys the subtleties also found in the semantic field of career or life, as they both may encompass progress, regress or stagnation. Nevertheless, metaphors seem to value the positive, since viewing career metaphorically as a ladder suggests mainly progress and taking safe steps forward. The journey metaphor has been also applied to relationships; some people say that â€Å"my relationship is a journey†, alluding in fact to the ups and downs, unusual or interesting turns of events. Another metaphor related to progress in many areas of life is that of growing. People make reference to spiritual growth, emotional or professional growth. Such metaphor with a horticultural origin emphasizes the same meaning of development and progress, of enrichment. Usually people use the metaphor in contexts of life experiences, referring to the growth certain experiences bring about. Another metaphor is that of imprisonment. I have heard it most often used in relation to expressing feelings – such as â€Å"I feel imprisoned† (in a relationship, a profession etc.). The most frequent meaning I am aware of for such a metaphor is that of lack of communication or/and emotional exhaustion. The metaphors I mentioned above may be easily identify in interviews. For instance the metaphors related to career may be more often heard in recruiting processes or in professional settings. But they are not limited to such contexts, of course. They may prove useful in opening interviews or in making the rapport to the interviewee, depending on the type and setting of the interview. With such purpose the ladder metaphor may be used in an introduction in which the value of professional itinerary is described (important in opening an interview), and to make appeal to the needs of the individual related to constructing a career (in making the rapport). The interviewer could make use of this metaphor when explaining why career is important and how individuals relate to it. The metaphor of imprisonment may be more frequent in clinical settings or in clinical interviews. It is very important in such contexts to clarify the meaning the person assigns to the concept. Rhodes and Jakes (2004) put forth a valuable example of how metaphor research may be used in clinical setting by illustrating the role of metaphor and metonymy in maintaining delusions for some of the patients. However, these meanings assigned to metaphors may vary across families or cultures. For instance a family or culture in which the masculine values are predominant may use the metaphor of ladder or that of journey in professional context or when talking about career. The families or cultures that guide themselves after more feminine values use such metaphors referring to relationships and life events. In metaphor use there are certain universal aspects but also a great variability. For instance, the metaphorical expression â€Å"to burn one's fingers† implying that someone was deceived by something, is referred to in Russian in the form â€Å"to burn oneself†, or in Finnish â€Å"to burn one's fingers on something†, but implies the same meaning in all cases. The metaphor â€Å"something is hard to swallow† having food as an origin and making reference to problems, has a different expression in Czech – â€Å"something is hard to digest† and Japanese – â€Å"something is hard to chew† (Callies and Zimmermann, edts. 2002) It is very important to interpret the metaphorical language correctly especially when dealing with investigative contexts (social, clinical, professional etc.). In different types of interviews metaphors are important as they help establish the opening of the interview and rapport. Moreover, identifying the metaphors and the correct interpretation is important to determine true communicative intentions during the other stages of the interview. Metaphors are vital in communication and specific to socio-cultural contexts. Bibliography: Rhodes, J.E. and Jakes, S. (2004) The contribution of metaphor and metonymy to delusions.   Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 77, 1-17. Callies M., Zimmerman R.(edts.) (2002) Cross-Cultural Metaphors: Investigating Domain Mappings Across Cultures, Retrieved March 27, 2007.      

The Activities Of Performance Management Roles - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1603 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Performance management (PM) actually includes activities to ensure that goals or objectives of a company are consistently being met in an effective and efficient manner. Performance management also includes the processes used to conduct corporate performance such as strategy formulation, budgeting and forecasting. Besides that, performance management can focus on the performance of an employee, a department, an organization or even the processes to build a product or service. First we have to know the important roles of a management in a marketing company. Many people believe that the role of a management is improving control systems. It is also believe that greater control over marketing costs and results are major benefits used to justify the implementation of database marketing (DBM) systems. The development and implementation of performance measures provide feedback upon which effective control is based. Feedback from measures of performance may assist mana gers in improving the productivity of marketing mix decisions, data collection, segmentation, and modeling. Measuring the results of alternative marketing programs is also an important feature of DBM. Accurate measurement provides feedback about the responses of different customer segments to alternative marketing mix scenarios which may supply information to improve DBM productivity. The implementation of performance measure within DBM systems provides an ideal work for measuring the effectiveness of marketing programs. However, developing an effective system is a complex process. Firstly, the process requires a deeply understanding of the application of control processes to DBM especially the managers.[1] The managers also have to know the data capture requirements and construction of alternative performance measures.[1] Lastly, they also have be familiar with the human and cultural factors, within the environmental context of business, which constrain and enhance the contro l process.[1] This understanding should assist the managers in determining their performance measurement needs, and how they can be effectively implemented within the context of DBM systems. The marketing control process basically consists of four steps which the managers have to go through. Firstly, the managers have to define the database marketing aims and objectives which are most appropriate to their organizations needs. Then the customer database may then be used as a source of information for market planning. The next step requires the definition of performance measures that will adequately monitor the results of alternative marketing scenarios. Before we talk about the roles of a manager to create performance opportunities, lets go through the performance deficiencies that may occur in a company. Firstly, the work tasks given by the superior are done incompletely, late or not at all. I believe this is a common performance deficiency that happens in most of the companie s. Besides that, some of the employees do complete their work tasks but it is sloppy and contains many errors. Some of the employees also only complete their work when they are reminded constantly. This shows that the employee cannot manage his or her own work. In addition to that, employees do not report results back to the appropriate parties, so the right people do not know they are complete. Another performance deficiency is that the quality of work tasks done by the employee are uneven, sometimes adequate and sometimes not. Performance deficiency also occurs in a company where the employers or managers discriminate against any group of persons for some reasons. Some of the performance deficiencies of particular concern can also be grouped into four primary categories. Firstly, where a pattern of behaviour as indicated by more than an isolated comment or complain about a persons job related behaviour of performance. The performance concerns may be expressed by county Extension o versight committees, program areas, program partners, clientele groups and also colleagues. Secondly is the observer behaviour where a single incident or a pattern over time that is contributing to a hostile work environment. Thirdly is the unsuccessful tenured faculty review leading to a twelve month remediation process and the fourth is the lack of acceptable improvement in professional performance after feedback and coaching related to observed deficiencies. Normally, an employee will be given an opportunity period which he/her will be given the opportunity to work on those portions of the job that are unacceptable, but not to the exclusion of other work assignments. A longer period may be warranted depending on the nature of the employees position 2 and the performance deficiency involved. The rating official will ensure that the employee receives adequate work time to improve the area that has been declared unacceptable. Normally within 14 days of the end of the opportunity period, the rating official will notify the employee in writing whether the employees performance has improved to the fully successful level. However, there are ways that a manager can take to reduce the performance deficiency in a company and also increases the productivity. One of the most effective ways is by the performance appraisal. Performance appraisal is a formal management system that provides for the evaluation of the quality of an individuals performance in an organization.[3]Most organisations throughout the world regardless of whether they are large or small, public or private, service or manufacturing, use performance appraisal, with varying degrees of success, as a tool to achieve a variety of human resource management objectives (Longenecker, 1997).[2] Yong (1996) defines performance appraisal as an evaluation and grading exercise undertaken by an organisation on all its employees either periodically or annually, on the outcomes of performance based on the job content, job requirement and personal behaviour in the position.[2] For example, the performance appraisal system in the Malaysian Public Service Department is a continuous process of evaluating every employees performance which begins in January and ends in December every year.[2] Performance appraisal is a process which involves creating work standards; evaluate employees actual performance relative to those work standards; and giving feedback to employee so as to motivate him or her to improve the job performance or to eliminate performance deficiency. Typically, modern performance appraisal systems are employed to achieve several objectives that include improvement in the communication between supervisor and subordinate through the use of feedback between them, identification of the scope for performance improvement and the means to achieve this, identification of individual training and development needs, identification of the potential of individuals for promotion placemen t, as the basis for remuneration and reward, on the basis of performance and as a powerful means of managerial control, through the setting of objectives and a review of success or failure in achieving these (Edmonstone, 1996; Longenecker, 1997).[2] The purpose of this performance appraisal is also to highlight the common problems associated with performance appraisals. At the same time, this paper explores the type of rater training programmes available and the rater skills that managers require to enable them to perform effective formal performance appraisals. It will demonstrate that the managerial skills necessary to conduct an effective performance appraisal are indeed complex and, yet, highly interrelated and require attention to properly develop. Four aspects will be taken into consideration when evaluating staff performance and each aspect will index into its sub criteria such as working output, knowledge and skills, personal quality and informal events and contributio ns. [3] The working output aspect evaluates the quantity, quality and effectiveness of the staffs working output as well as staffs punctuality. However, the knowledge and skills aspect evaluates the staffs knowledge and skills in the working field as well as their effectiveness in communication and realization of rules. Besides that, the personal quality aspect evaluates the personal quality appreciated by the organization such as discipline, proactive, innovative, cooperativeness and independence. Lastly, the informal events and contributions aspect is the staffs contribution to the organization, community, state, country and international. Performance appraisals also require the rater of the performance appraisal to objectively reach a conclusion about performance. The use of ratings assumes that the rater is reasonably objective and accurate. However, in reality, raters memories are quite fallible, and raters subscribe to their own sets of likes, dislikes, and expectations abo ut people, which may or may not be valid (Ivancevich, 2001). During the performance appraisal review, managers have to meet up with employees or subordinates to review performance ratings, deal with employees reactions which sometimes resistant or negative to appraisal ratings, solve problems and discuss with employees on how to improve their performance at work and also potentially deal with career counselling and career development issues. For the managers to successfully complete this performance appraisal they have to require some specific skills such as specific knowledge of effective appraisal review procedures, coaching skills to discuss specific feedback issues, conflict resolution and problem-solving skills to identify and remove employee concerns and workplace frustrations and performance barriers.[2] Moreover, managers have to have the skills of employee development or career counseling to help the employee identify the opportunities for improvement and to discuss long -term career issues.[2] Besides that, managers also have to have the knowledge of legal or compliance issues to avoid discussions that violate existing laws or create unnecessary legal exposure. [2] So as we can see, the managers have to do their part well or properly train to conduct effective appraisals. If performance is important to an organisation, so is the appraisal of that performance. If appraisal is important, then managers must be led to develop the skills presented that are critical for effective appraisal. We can say that the organisational appraisal process cannot achieve its desired objectives without these critical competencies. The effectiveness of this performance appraisal is mainly determined by the understanding, commitment and skills of the managers who must actually implement the system. When the manager conducting any performance appraisal does not possess the skill or motivation to rate the employees performance, problems are a foregone conclusion. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Activities Of Performance Management Roles" essay for you Create order